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Trait-Robustness of Self-Confidence Inventory (TROSCI)
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About Trait-Robustness of Self-Confidence Inventory (TROSCI)
Scale Name
Trait-Robustness of Self-Confidence Inventory (TROSCI)
Author Details
Stuart Beattie, Lew Hardy, Jennifer Savage, Tim Woodman, and Nichola Callow (2011)
Translation Availability
English
Background/Description
The Trait-Robustness of Self-Confidence Inventory (TROSCI), developed by Beattie et al. (2011), measures the ability to maintain self-confidence in the face of adversity, particularly in sports contexts. Grounded in sport psychology and mental toughness frameworks, TROSCI focuses on the stability of confidence beliefs rather than general self-confidence, distinguishing it from scales like Vealey’s Trait Sport-Confidence Inventory (TSCI; Vealey, 1986). It aligns with Bandura’s self-efficacy theory (1997) and research on resilient psychological traits in athletes.
The TROSCI is an 8-item self-report scale, rated on a 9-point Likert-type scale (1 = “Strongly Disagree” to 9 = “Strongly Agree”). Example items include “If I perform poorly, my confidence is not badly affected” and “Mistakes have very little effect on my self-confidence.” Scores are averaged (range: 1-9), with higher scores indicating greater robustness of confidence. Factor analyses confirmed a single-factor structure, emphasizing confidence stability. Developed and validated with UK university athletes (N = 176-268, across sports like football, rugby, and hockey), TROSCI predicts stable state self-confidence before competitions and resilience to disconfirming experiences.
Psychologists, sport coaches, and researchers use TROSCI to assess athletes’ confidence stability, identify psychological barriers to performance, and inform mental toughness interventions. Its brevity and psychometric robustness are strengths, but its sport-specific focus and limited cross-cultural validation may constrain broader use.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Obtain the scale from Beattie et al. (2011) in Psychology of Sport and Exercise (Vol. 12, pp. 184-191), ensuring ethical permissions.
- Explain to respondents that TROSCI assesses confidence stability in challenging situations, emphasizing anonymity and using clear, neutral language.
- Instruct respondents to rate agreement with statements about maintaining confidence (e.g., after poor performance) on the 9-point Likert scale, based on typical experiences.
- Completion takes approximately 3-5 minutes due to the 8-item format.
- Administer in sports, research, or clinical settings, using paper or digital formats, in a private environment. Oral administration is possible for accessibility.
Reliability and Validity
TROSCI exhibits strong psychometric properties (Beattie et al., 2011). Internal consistency is high, with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88 (N = 268). Test-retest reliability over one week is robust (r = 0.90). Convergent validity is supported by moderate correlations with Vealey’s TSCI (r = 0.44), indicating related but distinct constructs.
Structural validity is confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis (S–B χ²(20) = 29.75; CFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.04; SRMR = 0.03), with consistent factor structure across genders. Predictive validity is evidenced by high TROSCI scorers maintaining stable state self-confidence before competitions, unlike low scorers. Divergent validity data are limited, but TROSCI’s focus on stability differentiates it from general confidence measures like the Personal Evaluation Inventory (PEI; Shrauger & Schohn, 1995). Pairing with TSCI or mental toughness scales can enhance assessment of athlete resilience.
Available Versions
08-Items
Reference
Beattie, S., Hardy, L., Savage, J., Woodman, T., & Callow, N. (2011). Development and validation of a trait measure of robustness of self-confidence. Psychology of sport and exercise, 12(2), 184-191.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the TROSCI measure?
It measures the ability to maintain self-confidence despite adversity, primarily in athletes.
Who can use the scale?
Sport psychologists, coaches, and researchers studying athletic performance.
How long does it take to complete?
About 3-5 minutes.
Is the scale sport-specific?
Yes, but items are adaptable for general populations.
Can TROSCI inform interventions?
Yes, it supports mental toughness training and performance enhancement strategies.
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