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Systematic Pedestrian and Cycling Environmental Scan (SPACES) Instrument
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About Systematic Pedestrian and Cycling Environmental Scan (SPACES) Instrument
Scale Name
Systematic Pedestrian and Cycling Environmental Scan (SPACES) Instrument
Author Details
Pikora, T. J., Giles-Corti, B., Knuiman, M. W., Bull, F. C., Jamrozik, K., and Donovan, R. J.
Translation Availability
English
Background/Description
Systematic Pedestrian and cycling Environmental Scan (SPACES) Instruments are developed by Pikora, T., Giles-Corti, B., Bull, F., Knuiman, M., Jamrozik, K., Donovan, R. The SPACES instrument measures the physical environmental factors that influence walking and cycling in local neighborhoods. The instrument is used in combination with additional tools based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS).
The Systematic Pedestrian and Cycling Environmental Scan (SPACES) Instrument is based on a study (Pikora et al., 2006) which collected information related to the physical environment in a 408-km2 area of metropolitan Perth. Hepburn Avenue, Lord Street Beechboro, Point Resolution, and the coast form the borders for the area. Approximately 2,000 kilometers of road network were audited during February and March 2000 using SPACES. Some areas were audited twice to act as a quality control measure.
The Systematic Pedestrian and Cycling Environmental Scan (SPACES) Instrument is a comprehensive tool developed to evaluate environmental factors influencing walking and cycling activities. This instrument provides a systematic method for assessing the built environment’s supportiveness for active transportation, focusing on pedestrian and cycling infrastructure. It was developed to bridge the gap between public health, urban planning, and transportation research, offering valuable insights into how neighborhood characteristics impact physical activity behaviors.
SPACES assesses several environmental features, including the quality of pathways, street connectivity, traffic conditions, and overall aesthetics of neighborhoods. The data collected using SPACES can inform urban planners and policymakers in creating walkable and bike-friendly communities. It is particularly useful for identifying barriers to active transportation and developing interventions that promote healthy, sustainable lifestyles.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Obtain the SPACES Instrument and scoring protocol from reputable sources.
- Define the purpose of the evaluation, such as assessing a neighborhood’s walkability and bikeability.
- Provide detailed instructions to trained observers or researchers on how to use the instrument for environmental scanning.
- Conduct the assessment by systematically scanning the target areas, documenting observations regarding pathways, traffic conditions, and aesthetics.
- Analyze the collected data to identify environmental strengths and areas needing improvement.
Reliability and Validity
The SPACES Instrument demonstrates strong reliability, with consistent results across different observers and time points. Its validity has been established through its correlations with physical activity behaviors, particularly walking and cycling. Studies have shown that the instrument accurately measures environmental factors influencing active transportation. Its development involved rigorous testing to ensure its applicability across various urban and suburban settings.
Available Versions
37-Items
Reference
Pikora, T. J., Giles-Corti, B., Knuiman, M. W., Bull, F. C., Jamrozik, K., & Donovan, R. J. (2006). Neighborhood environmental factors correlated with walking near home: Using SPACES. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 38(4), 708-714.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the SPACES Instrument?
It is a tool used to evaluate environmental factors that influence walking and cycling activities.
Who developed SPACES?
It was developed by Pikora et al. in 2006.
What does the SPACES Instrument assess?
It assesses pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, including pathways, street connectivity, and traffic conditions.
How can SPACES data be used?
The data can inform urban planning and policymaking to create walkable and bike-friendly environments.
Is SPACES a reliable tool?
Yes, it has demonstrated high reliability and validity in assessing environmental factors related to physical activity.
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