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Parental Authority Questionnaire – Revised
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About Parental Authority Questionnaire – Revised
Scale Name
Parental Authority Questionnaire – Revised
Author Details
David Reitman, Paula C. Rhode, Stephen D. A. Hupp, and Cherie Altobello
Translation Availability
English
Background/Description
The Parental Authority Questionnaire – Revised (PAQ-R) is an updated version of the original Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) developed to measure parenting styles. It evaluates parental authority and disciplinary practices based on Baumrind’s three parenting styles: Authoritarian, Authoritative, and Permissive. The revised version incorporates additional items to enhance its reliability and validity while refining the theoretical constructs.
The PAQ-R is widely used in psychological research, educational studies, and clinical settings to explore the influence of parenting styles on children’s psychological, emotional, and behavioral outcomes. It is applicable to both mothers and fathers, and responses are analyzed separately for each parent.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Obtain the PAQ-R: Access the scale from the original publication or authorized sources.
- Define the Purpose: Clarify the goal of assessment—research, clinical evaluation, or parenting intervention.
- Provide Instructions: Ensure participants understand the purpose of the questionnaire. Guide them to rate their agreement with each statement based on their experiences with their parents or their parenting style if self-assessing.
- Administer the Scale: The PAQ-R consists of 30 items. Participants rate each item on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).
Reliability and Validity
The PAQ-R demonstrates strong internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.73 to 0.86 for its subscales. Construct validity has been established through correlations with related constructs like child outcomes, family dynamics, and parenting interventions.
Available Versions
30-Items
Reference
Reitman, D., Rhode, P. C., Hupp, S. D., & Altobello, C. (2002). Development and validation of the parental authority questionnaire–revised. Journal of psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24, 119-127.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the PAQ-R measure?
It measures parenting styles based on Baumrind’s Authoritarian, Authoritative, and Permissive constructs.
Who can use the PAQ-R?
Researchers, clinicians, educators, and parents seeking to understand parenting styles.
Is the PAQ-R culturally adaptable?
Yes, it has been translated and adapted for various cultures while maintaining its psychometric properties.
How is the PAQ-R scored?
Scores for each parenting style are calculated separately. Higher scores indicate greater alignment with that style.
How long does it take to complete the PAQ-R?
It typically takes about 10–15 minutes.
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