Psychology RootsTable of Contents
Mindfulness-Based Self Efficacy Scale – Revised (MSES-R)
Here in this post, we are sharing the “Mindfulness-Based Self Efficacy Scale – Revised (MSES-R)”. You can read psychometric and Author information. We have thousands of Scales and questionnaires in our collection (See Scales and Questionnaires). You can demand us any scale and questionnaires related to psychology through our community, and we will provide you with a short time. Keep visiting Psychology Roots.
About Mindfulness-Based Self Efficacy Scale – Revised (MSES-R)
Scale Name
Mindfulness-Based Self Efficacy Scale – Revised (MSES-R)
Author Details
Bruno Cayoun (bruno.cayoun@mindfulness.net.au), Bradley Elphinstone, Natasha Kasselis, Glenn Bilsborrow and Clive Skilbeck
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
The Mindfulness-Based Self Efficacy Scale (MBSES) is designed to measure an individual’s confidence in their ability to apply mindfulness skills effectively in different situations. Originally rooted in Bandura’s (1997) theory of self-efficacy, the MBSES aligns self-efficacy beliefs with the specific context of mindfulness. It has undergone revisions to ensure robust psychometric properties and applicability across various populations. The MBSES-Revised (2022) contains items assessing one’s self-assurance in maintaining mindfulness in the face of challenges, making it useful for both research and therapeutic settings, particularly in mindfulness-based interventions such as Mindfulness-integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MiCBT).
The Mindfulness-based Self-Efficacy Scale – Revised (MSES-R) is a 22-item self-report scale for adults and adolescents (age 16+) designed to measure levels of self-efficacy in overcoming daily stressors. The MSES-R was developed with a focus on measuring skills that people felt improved in their lives as a consequence of mindfulness practice.
It was developed to measure the confidence in achieving the original purpose of mindfulness (reducing suffering), rather than measuring the construct of mindfulness itself. This is consistent with studies that have highlighted links between mindfulness and several forms of self-efficacy for improving self-regulation (Cayoun et al., 2022).
Mindfulness-based self-efficacy is assessed in six subscales:
- Emotion Regulation
- Social Skills
- Equanimity
- Distress Tolerance
- Taking Responsibility
- Interpersonal Effectiveness
The MSES-R is specifically designed as an outcome measure, where it assesses skills that typically develop from becoming more mindful while confronted by common stressors in daily life. When administered more than once the change in scores is graphed over time. A successful mindfulness-based intervention is indicated by an increase in the total score.
The MSES-R is expected to be particularly helpful in a clinical context because a strong sense of self-efficacy (i.e., a person’s perception or belief in their ability to perform certain skills or act effectively to attain their goals; Bandura, 1997) is related to greater effort, persistence, and self-benefitting behaviours (Schwarzer, 2008).
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Ensure the participant understands the concept of mindfulness and its applications.
- The MBSES is typically administered to individuals practicing mindfulness or participating in mindfulness-based programs.
- The scale contains statements relating to confidence in mindfulness practice.
- Respondents rate each item on a Likert-type scale, usually from “Not at all confident” to “Extremely confident.”
The MSES-R is self-administered, both as a pen-and-paper instrument and as an online version that automatically calculates results, including norms comparisons (N = 7874). Normative data for male and female respondents, with and without a mental health condition, were collected online over a 12-year period. Comparisons with norms can be performed against the general community group (n = 4867) and the clinical group (n = 3007).
To assist with norms comparisons when the pen and paper version is used, we include the mean score for the overall MSES-R and each subscale below. We also provide average scores with a range between 0 and 4 (raw score divided by the number of questions) so that subscales scores can be easily compared, where higher scores are indicative of higher self-efficacy with mindfulness skills. The means and standard deviations below can be used to compute percentile ranks:
- MSES-R Total Score: Raw score mean = 57.7 (SD 13.3); Average score mean = 2.6 (SD 0.6)
- Emotion Regulation: Raw score mean = 14.8 (SD 5.4); Average score mean = 2.5 (SD 0.9)
- Social Skills: Raw score mean = 7.97 (SD 2.6); Average score mean = (SD 0.9)
- Equanimity: Raw score mean = 9.96 (SD 3.1); Average score mean = 2.5 (SD 0.8)
- Distress Tolerance: Raw score mean = 8.1 (SD 2.5); Average score mean = 2.7 (SD 0.8)
- Taking Responsibility: Raw score mean = 7.95 (SD 2.5); Average score mean = 2.7 (SD 0.8)
- Interpersonal Effectiveness: Raw score mean = 8.9 (SD 2.2); Average score mean = 3.0 (SD 0.7)
The 6 subscales for the MSES-R:
- Emotion Regulation(items 1, 4, 6, 7, 12, 18): relates to an involuntary or subconscious emotional response that is well modulated.
- Social Skills(items 2, 3, 20): social abilities in the broader sphere of interaction.
- Equanimity(items 5, 10, 13, 19): the ability to normalise difficulties and prevent reactivity.
- Distress Tolerance(items 8, 16, 17): inhibits avoidance of experiential intolerance or discomfort.
- Taking Responsibility(items 11, 21, 22): clarity of interpersonal boundaries and locus of control.
- Interpersonal Effectiveness(items 9, 14, 15): the ability to connect with others within the intimate sphere of relationships.
The MSES-R contains items requiring reversing the scores. Reverse scoring is necessary when a research instrument, such as the MSES-R, includes a group of items worded in the opposite direction to the others (e.g., positively vs negatively phrased) while measuring the same construct. This approach is commonly employed when some items are more meaningful or more readily understandable when written in this way. With the MSES-R, using the online version automatically reverses the relevant scores. For the pen-and-paper version, the 16 items to be scored in reverse are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 1,7 18, 21, and 22. Reversing the scores of listed items requires the following rescoring: 0 = 4; 1 = 3; 2 = 2; 3 = 1; and 4 = 0.
Reliability and Validity
Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the MSES-R scores collected online from two Australian samples (clinical N = 1378; community N = 2866), two Canadian samples (clinical N = 595; community N = 321), and one Australian university student sample (N = 521). The MSES-R provided adequate fit across all samples (Cayoun et al., 2022). The overall MSES-R measure was highly reliable (alpha = 0.89), as was the Emotion Regulation subscale (0.88).
The reliability of the Social Skills subscale (0.72) was in the low to moderate range, with the reliability of the other subscales being low (0.47-0.65). Due to containing a small number of items, the internal consistency of some subscales was low. Although the authors recommended relying most on the total MSES-R score (Cayoun et al., 2022), studies have also shown that subscale scores can be very helpful in clinical settings (e.g., Francis, et al., 2022). The test-retest reliability of the MSES-R total score over two weeks was 0.88.
Higher overall scores on the MSES-R were significantly associated with higher scores on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) overall (r = 0.62), as well as higher scores on many of its subscales (Cayoun et al., 2022). Higher scores on the MSES-R were also significantly associated with lower overall DASS scores (r = − 0.68), and on each subscale: Depression (r = − 0.60), Anxiety (r = − 0.56), and Stress (r = − 0.62; Cayoun et al., 2022).
In a validation study by Cayoun et al. (2022), 4638 adults from the general community (54% females and 46% males, mean age = 38.9) were assessed using the MSES-R.
Available Versions
22-Items
Reference
Cayoun, B., Elphinstone, B., Kasselis, N., Bilsborrow, G., & Skilbeck, C. (2022). Validation and factor structure of the mindfulness-based self efficacy scale-revised. Mindfulness, 13(3), 751-765.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the MBSES measure?
It measures an individual’s confidence in their ability to apply mindfulness skills across different situations.
Who is the MBSES intended for?
It is best suited for individuals engaging in mindfulness practices or participating in mindfulness-based interventions.
How long does it take to complete?
Approximately 10-15 minutes.
What does a high score indicate?
A high score suggests greater self-efficacy in maintaining mindfulness, even in challenging situations.
Disclaimer
Please note that Psychology Roots does not have the right to grant permission for the use of any psychological scales or assessments listed on its website. To use any scale or assessment, you must obtain permission directly from the author or translator of the tool. Psychology Roots provides information about various tools and their administration procedures, but it is your responsibility to obtain proper permissions before using any scale or assessment. If you need further information about an author’s contact details, please submit a query to the Psychology Roots team.
Help Us Improve This Article
Have you discovered an inaccuracy? We put out great effort to give accurate and scientifically trustworthy information to our readers. Please notify us if you discover any typographical or grammatical errors.
Make a comment. We acknowledge and appreciate your efforts.
Share With Us
If you have any scale or any material related to psychology kindly share it with us at psychologyroots@gmail.com. We help others on behalf of you.
