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Generalized Self Efficacy Scale Urdu
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About Generalized Self Efficacy Scale Urdu
Scale Name
Generalized Self Efficacy Scale Urdu
Author Details
Zaqia Bano
Translation Availability
EnglishThe General Self Efficacy Scale
Background/Description
The Generalized Self Efficacy Scale (GSE) is a psychometric instrument that assesses individuals’ beliefs about their ability to cope with a variety of challenging demands in life. It was developed by Dr. Ralf Schwarzer in the late 1970s to measure self-efficacy, which is defined as the belief in one’s ability to perform and accomplish a specific task or behavior. Since its development, the GSE has been used extensively in research and clinical settings to predict and explain human behavior, and to evaluate interventions designed to improve self-efficacy and outcomes associated with it.
The GSE consists of 10 items, each of which is rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all true) to 4 (exactly true). Examples of GSE items include “I can always manage to solve difficult problems if I try hard enough” and “If I am in trouble, I can usually think of a solution.” The total score ranges from 10 to 40, with higher scores indicating stronger self-efficacy beliefs.
The Urdu version of GSE was adapted and validated by Ahmad and Maheswaran (2017). The study involved a process of forward and back translation, expert panel review, cognitive interviews, and pilot testing to ensure linguistic equivalence and cultural appropriateness. The final Urdu version showed acceptable levels of reliability and validity and can be used to measure self-efficacy beliefs among Urdu-speaking individuals.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
The administration steps for the Generalized Self Efficacy Scale (GSE) are straightforward and simple. The GSE is a self-report measure, which means that individuals complete the scale themselves. The scale can be administered in either a paper-and-pencil format or an online format.
To administer the GSE, the respondent is presented with the 10 items and asked to rate the degree to which they agree with each statement on a 4-point Likert scale. Once all items have been completed, the scores for each item are summed to produce a total score, which ranges from 10 to 40. Higher total scores indicate greater self-efficacy beliefs.
It is important to ensure that respondents understand the items and the rating scale, and that they provide honest and accurate responses. Researchers or healthcare providers who administer the GSE should also ensure that they protect the confidentiality and privacy of the respondents and follow ethical guidelines for data collection and analysis.
Reliability and Validity
The Generalized Self Efficacy Scale (GSE) has been found to have good levels of reliability and validity in various studies. Schwarzer and Jerusalem (1995) reported Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.76 and higher for the GSE in multiple studies from different countries and cultures, indicating good internal consistency.
In terms of validity, the GSE has been found to correlate positively with measures of positive affect, life satisfaction, and social support, and negatively with measures of anxiety, depression, and stress (Scholz et al., 2002). The GSE has also been found to predict a range of outcomes, such as health behaviors, academic performance, job satisfaction, and mental health status (Jerusalem and Schwarzer, 1992; Schwarzer and Fuchs, 1996).
The adapted and validated Urdu version of the GSE also showed acceptable levels of reliability and validity in a study among Urdu-speaking individuals in Pakistan (Ahmad and Maheswaran, 2017). The study reported Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.85 for the GSE, indicating good internal consistency, and positive correlations between GSE scores and measures of positive coping strategies and subjective well-being, indicating good construct validity.
Available Versions
10-Items
Reference
Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston, Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35-37). NFER-NELSON: Windsor, UK.
Bano, Z. (2014). Morbidity and consequences of social anxiety in adolescent students. Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)?
A: The Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale is a psychometric tool designed to measure an individual’s belief in their general ability to cope with a variety of stressful and challenging situations.
Q: Who developed the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale?
A: The Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale was developed by Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem in 1995.
Q: How many items are included in the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale?
A: The Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale consists of ten items to measure a person’s level of self-efficacy in different areas of life.
Q: What is the format of the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale?
A: The Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale is typically presented in a Likert scale format, with each item containing four statements ranging from “Not at all true” to “Exactly true.”
Q: What are some examples of items on the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale?
A: Some examples of items on the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale include “I can always manage to solve difficult problems if I try hard enough” and “It is easy for me to stick to my aims and accomplish my goals.”
Q: What is the purpose of the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale?
A: The Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale is used to evaluate an individual’s general sense of self-efficacy, which in turn provides important information about their ability to cope with stress, achieve goals, and overcome challenges.
Q: Is the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale an effective measure of self-efficacy?
A: Yes, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale has demonstrated high levels of reliability and validity in various studies and has been widely used to measure self-efficacy in different populations.
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