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Falls Efficacy Scale
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About Falls Efficacy Scale
Scale Name
Falls Efficacy Scale
Author Details
Tinetti, M. E., Richman, D., and Powell, L.
Translation Availability
English
Background/Description
The Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) is a widely used self-report questionnaire designed to assess an individual’s fear of falling and their confidence in performing daily activities without falling. It was developed by Tinetti, Richman, and Powell (1990) as a tool to evaluate the psychological impact of falls, particularly in older adults and individuals with balance or mobility impairments.
The FES consists of 10 items, each measuring confidence levels in performing daily tasks without falling. Participants rate their confidence on a 10-point Likert scale, with 1 indicating no confidence at all and 10 indicating complete confidence. The total score ranges from 10 to 100, with higher scores reflecting greater confidence and lower scores indicating higher fear of falling.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Obtain a Copy: The FES can be accessed through geriatric assessment manuals, research articles, and clinical psychological resources.
- Explain the Purpose: The FES assesses an individual’s confidence in avoiding falls during daily activities. It helps identify those with a high fear of falling, which can impact mobility and quality of life.
- Provide Instructions: Participants are asked to rate their confidence in performing 10 different activities without falling, using a 1–10 scale.
- Approximate Time: 5–7 minutes to complete the questionnaire.
- Administer the Scale: The FES is typically self-administered or conducted via an interview with a clinician. The total score is then analyzed to determine fall-related self-efficacy levels.
Reliability and Validity
The Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) has demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.90) and good test-retest reliability in various studies. It has been validated for use in older adults, patients with neurological conditions (e.g., Parkinson’s disease, stroke), and those recovering from orthopedic injuries.
The FES has strong construct validity, correlating with functional mobility tests such as the Berg Balance Scale and the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). Studies have also shown that higher fear of falling (low FES scores) is associated with increased fall risk, reduced mobility, and decreased quality of life.
Available Versions
10-Items
Reference
Tinetti, M. E., Richman, D., & Powell, L. (1990). Falls efficacy as a measure of fear of falling. Journal of gerontology, 45(6), P239-P243.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the purpose of the Falls Efficacy Scale?
The FES measures an individual’s confidence in performing daily activities without falling, helping identify fear of falling that may affect mobility.
Who can use the FES?
It is widely used for older adults, stroke survivors, individuals with neurological disorders, and those with balance issues.
Is the FES a diagnostic tool?
No, it is not a diagnostic tool, but it helps assess fall-related self-efficacy and guides intervention planning.
How is the FES scored?
Each item is scored on a 1–10 scale, with higher scores indicating greater confidence and lower scores suggesting increased fear of falling.
Can the FES be used in clinical settings?
Yes, it is commonly used in geriatric care, rehabilitation, and physical therapy to evaluate fall risk and fear-related activity avoidance.
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