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Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)
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About Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)
Scale Name
Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)
Author Details
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T.
Translation Availability
Background/Description
The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was developed by Kathryn M. Connor and Jonathan R.T. Davidson in 2003 as a self-report measure to assess resilience, which is the ability to cope with and adapt to adversity, stress, or trauma. Resilience is a crucial factor in mental health, contributing to how individuals respond to challenges and recover from difficult experiences.
The CD-RISC was initially designed to quantify resilience in clinical populations, such as individuals recovering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, or anxiety. However, it has since been widely adopted in both clinical and non-clinical settings, including research, organizational psychology, and educational environments. The scale is praised for its versatility and applicability across different cultures and demographics.
The CD-RISC is available in several versions, with the original scale consisting of 25 items.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Participant Selection: The CD-RISC can be administered to a wide range of individuals, including those in clinical settings, general populations, and specific groups such as students, employees, or military personnel.
- Scale Distribution: The CD-RISC is typically administered as a self-report questionnaire, either in paper form or electronically. Participants are instructed to reflect on their ability to cope with stress and adversity over a specific period (e.g., the past month).
- Response Format: The scale consists of a series of statements related to resilience, such as “I am able to adapt when changes occur” or “I tend to bounce back after illness or hardship.” Participants rate each item on a Likert scale, ranging from 0 (not true at all) to 4 (true nearly all the time).
- Scoring: Each item is scored according to the participant’s response, and the total score is calculated by summing the individual item scores. Higher scores indicate greater resilience. The scoring can also be broken down into subscales, such as personal competence, trust in one’s instincts, and positive acceptance of change.
Reliability and Validity
The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale has been extensively validated and is considered a reliable measure of resilience. The original 25-item scale demonstrates high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values typically ranging from 0.85 to 0.90 across different populations. The shorter versions of the scale also show strong reliability.
The validity of the CD-RISC has been supported through numerous studies. The scale’s construct validity is evidenced by its strong correlations with related psychological constructs, such as self-efficacy, optimism, and emotional regulation. Its criterion validity is demonstrated by the scale’s ability to distinguish between individuals with high and low resilience, particularly in relation to mental health outcomes like PTSD and depression.
Available Versions
25-Items
Reference
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the purpose of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)?
A: The CD-RISC is designed to measure an individual’s level of resilience, which is the ability to cope with and recover from adversity, stress, or trauma.
Q: Who can use the CD-RISC?
A: The CD-RISC can be used with a wide range of individuals, including those in clinical settings, general populations, and specific groups such as students or military personnel.
Q: How is the CD-RISC scored?
A: The scale is scored by summing the responses to each item. Higher scores indicate greater resilience. The total score can also be broken down into specific subscales.
Q: How reliable and valid is the CD-RISC?
A: The CD-RISC has demonstrated high reliability and validity in various studies, making it a trusted tool for assessing resilience across different populations.
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