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Aggression Scale
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About Scale Name
Scale Name
Aggression Scale
Author Details
Dorothy L. Espelage, Arthur M. Horne, and Karen A. Orpinas.
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
The Aggression Scale developed by Orpinas and Frankowski is a self-report measure designed to assess aggressive behavior in young adolescents. The scale consists of 20 items that describe specific behaviors related to physical, verbal, and relational aggression, as well as bullying behavior. Respondents are asked to rate the frequency with which the student exhibits each behavior on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (very often).
The development of the Aggression Scale was based on previous research indicating that aggressive behavior among youth is a significant problem that can lead to negative outcomes such as substance abuse, delinquency, and academic difficulties. The authors aimed to create a reliable and valid tool for assessing aggression in middle school and high school settings that could be used to identify students at risk for aggressive behavior and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing aggressive behavior.
To develop the scale, the authors conducted interviews with middle school students and teachers to identify common forms of aggression and then selected items for the scale based on their relevance and clarity. The scale was then administered to a sample of over 1,000 students in grades 6-8 and was found to have good internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
Scoring, Administration and Interpretation
The Aggression Scale developed by Orpinas and Frankowski is typically administered as a self-report measure completed by students themselves or by teachers who have regular contact with the students being assessed. Respondents are asked to rate the frequency with which the student exhibits each behavior on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (very often).
Scoring of the Aggression Scale involves summing the scores for each item to obtain a total score, with higher scores indicating greater levels of aggression. The scale also includes subscales for physical, verbal, and relational aggression, as well as bullying behavior, allowing for a more detailed analysis of different types of aggressive behaviors.
Interpretation of the Aggression Scale requires consideration of individual item scores, subscale scores, and total scores, as well as factors such as the age, gender, and cultural background of the student being assessed. In general, higher scores on the scale indicate greater risk for engaging in aggressive behavior and may warrant further assessment or intervention. However, it is important to consider the context in which the behavior occurs and to address underlying factors that may be contributing to aggressive behavior, such as family conflict, peer pressure, or mental health issues.
Reliability and Validity
Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of the scale over time and across different raters. The Aggression Scale has demonstrated good internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from .82 to .93 for the total scale and subscales. Test-retest reliability over a 5-week period has also been found to be adequate, with Pearson correlations ranging from .60 to .75 for the total scale and subscales.
Validity refers to the extent to which the scale measures what it is intended to measure. The Aggression Scale has been found to have good construct validity, demonstrating significant associations with other assessments of aggression and related constructs such as conduct problems, substance use, and depression. The scale also distinguishes between different types of aggression, with subscales for physical, verbal, and relational aggression demonstrating good discriminant validity.
Available Versions
20-Items
11-Items
Reference
Orpinas, P., & Frankowski, R. (2001). The Aggression Scale: A self-report measure of aggressive behavior for young adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 21(1), 50-67.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What ages is the Aggression Scale appropriate for?
The self-report version of the Aggression Scale is designed for students in grades 6-8, while the teacher rating version can be used with students in grades K-12.
How is the Aggression Scale administered?
The Aggression Scale can be administered as a self-report measure completed by students themselves or as a teacher rating scale completed by teachers who have regular contact with the students being assessed.
How is the Aggression Scale scored?
Scoring of the Aggression Scale involves summing the scores for each item to obtain a total score, with higher scores indicating greater levels of aggression. The scale also includes subscales for physical, verbal, and relational aggression, as well as bullying behavior.
What is the reliability of the Aggression Scale?
The Aggression Scale has demonstrated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability over a 5-week period.
What is the validity of the Aggression Scale?
The Aggression Scale has been found to have good construct validity, demonstrating significant associations with other assessments of aggression and related constructs such as conduct problems, substance use, and depression.
Are translations of the Aggression Scale available?
Translations of the Aggression Scale are available in several languages, including Spanish, Portuguese, and Chinese, among others.
What is the purpose of using the Aggression Scale?
The Aggression Scale is useful for identifying students at risk for aggressive behavior, evaluating the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing aggressive behavior, and developing comprehensive treatment plans for students exhibiting aggressive behavior.
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