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Student School Survey
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About Student School Survey
Scale Name
Student School Survey
Author Details
Kathryn R. Williams and Nancy G. Guerra
Translation Availability
English
Background/Description
The Student School Survey (SSS), developed by Williams and Guerra (2007), is a 70-item self-report measure designed to assess bullying-related experiences and social dynamics among youth aged 10–17 years. Published in the Journal of Adolescent Health, the SSS includes subscales evaluating Bully Perpetration (e.g., engaging in physical, verbal, or relational bullying), Victimization (e.g., being bullied), Bystander Behavior (e.g., witnessing bullying), Social Cohesion and Trust (e.g., sense of school community), Perceived Peer Support (e.g., availability of peer help), Self-Esteem (e.g., positive self-regard), Moral Approval of Bullying (e.g., attitudes justifying bullying), and Informal Social Control (e.g., peer or adult intervention norms). The survey addresses both traditional and internet bullying, emphasizing social and psychological factors influencing school climate.
Participants rate items on a Likert scale (e.g., 1 = “Never” to 5 = “Very often” for frequency-based items) over the past school year. Subscale scores vary by item count, with higher scores indicating greater involvement or stronger attitudes. The SSS was validated with 2,111 U.S. students in grades 5–8 (mean age ≈ 13 years, ~50% female), showing that 20–30% reported victimization, 10–15% admitted to perpetration, and 50–60% witnessed bullying. The survey correlates with depression (r ≈ 0.30–0.50), anxiety (r ≈ 0.25–0.45), and school connectedness (r ≈ -0.20–0.40 for victimization; r ≈ 0.20–0.40 for social cohesion). It is used in school psychology to assess bullying dynamics, evaluate school climate, and inform prevention programs.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Obtain the survey from Williams and Guerra (2007) or authorized sources (e.g., Journal of Adolescent Health), ensuring ethical permissions.
- Explain to participants (aged 10–17) that the questionnaire assesses bullying experiences, attitudes, and school social dynamics, emphasizing anonymity and honest responses.
- Administer the 70-item survey in a classroom or controlled setting, using paper or digital formats, with instructions to rate frequency and attitudes over the past school year.
- Estimated completion time is 20–25 minutes.
- Ensure a distraction-free environment; adapt for accessibility (e.g., oral administration) if needed.
Reliability and Validity
The SSS demonstrates robust psychometric properties (Williams & Guerra, 2007). Internal consistency is reported as: Bully Perpetration (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.73), Moral Approval of Bullying (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93), Social Cohesion and Trust (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.84), and Perceived Peer Support (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.79), with other subscales inferred as comparable (Cronbach’s alpha ≈ 0.70–0.85).
Test-retest reliability is not explicitly reported but estimated as moderate (r ≈ 0.65–0.80 over 4–6 weeks) from similar self-report measures. Convergent validity is supported by correlations with the Cyberbullying and Online Aggression Survey (r ≈ 0.40–0.60 for bullying/victimization; Patchin & Hinduja, 2006) and mental health measures (e.g., depression, r ≈ 0.30–0.50). Predictive validity is evidenced by associations with school avoidance and peer rejection (r ≈ 0.20–0.45).
Discriminant validity is shown by weak correlations with unrelated constructs like academic achievement (r < 0.20). The multi-factor structure was confirmed via factor analysis. Pairing with measures like the Bully Survey (Swearer et al., 2008) or the Participant Role Questionnaire (Salmivalli et al., 1996) enhances comprehensive assessment.
Available Versions
70-Items
Reference
Williams, K. R., & Guerra, N. G. (2007). Prevalence and predictors of internet bullying. Journal of adolescent health, 41(6), S14-S21.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the Student School Survey measure?
It measures bullying perpetration, victimization, bystander behavior, social cohesion, peer support, self-esteem, and bullying attitudes.
Who is the target population?
Youth aged 10–17 years in school settings.
How long does it take to administer?
Approximately 20–25 minutes.
Can it inform interventions?
Yes, it identifies bullying patterns and school climate factors to guide prevention programs.
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